Although there is no universally-recognized list of the determinants of health, much is known about the factors which are associated with the health of the population. The key factors which influence health include: socio-economic status, education, social support, employment, migration, and the physical, social and built environments. The role of curative medical care is, of course, an important one, but its contribution to health status, as measured, for example, by life expectancy has been limited.

Topics covered within this chapter include:

• Income and health status
• Social capital and health status
• Education and health status
• Employment and health status
• Childhood development and health status
• Immigration and health status

Determinants and Disparities (PDF 11 pages, 1.12MB)

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Table of contents:

• Table of Contents (PDF 50KB, 1 page)
• Executive Summary (PDF 378KB, 4 pages)
• How to Read this Report (PDF 120KB, 1 page)



• What is Public Health? (Chapter 1)
• Determinants and Disparities (Chapter 2)
  * revised
• Risk Factors (Chapter 3) * revised
• Who Lives in Peel region?
  (Chapter 4)
• How Healthy are the Residents of Peel? (Chapter 5)
• Reproductive and Perinatal Health (Chapter 6)
• Heart Disease and Stroke (Chapter 7)
• Cancer (Chapter 8)
• Lung Disease (Chapter 9)
• Injuries (Chapter 10)
• Dental Health (Chapter 11)
• Mental Health (Chapter 12)
• Infectious Disease (Chapter 13)
• The Health of Cities (Chapter 14)
• Focus on Overweight, Obesity and Diabetes (Chapter 15)
• The Physical Environment (Chapter 16)
• Health Services (Chapter 17)
• Preventing Chronic Disease (Chapter 18) * revised
• Data Analysis Issues and Next Steps (Chapter 19, PDF 261KB, 2 pages)
• Acknowledgements (Chapter 20, PDF 113KB, 1 page)
• Data Sources and Limitations (Chapter 21, PDF 611KB, 10 pages)
• Data Methods (Chapter 22, PDF 883KB, 11 pages)
• Text References (Chapter 23, PDF 1.09MB, 19 pages)
• Data References (Chapter 24, PDF 111KB, 1 page)